What about Hybrid?
Because the Hybrid is a standardized data collection device, any part
of a particular Hybrid type is interchangeable with any other. Not only
can one dummy be tested several times, but if a part should fail, it can
be replaced with a new part.
Hybrid IIIs are designed to research the effects of frontal impacts, and
are less valuable in assessing the effects of other sorts of impacts,
such as side impacts, rear impacts, or rollovers. After head-on
collisions, the most common severe injury accident is the side impact.
The SID (Side Impact Dummy) family of test dummies has been designed to
measure rib, spine, and internal organ effects in side collisions. It
also assesses spine and rib deceleration and compression of the chest
cavity. SID is the US government testing standard, EuroSID is used in
Europe to ensure compliance with safety standards, and SID II(s)
represents a 5th percentile female. BioSID is a more sophisticated
version of SID and EuroSID, but is not used in a regulatory capacity.
The WorldSID is a project to develop a new generation of dummy under the
International Organization for Standardization.[12]
BioRID is a dummy designed to assess the effects of a rear impact. Its
primary purpose is to research Whiplash, and to aid designers in
developing effective head and neck restraints. BioRID is more
sophisticated in its spinal construction than Hybrid; 24 vertebra
simulators allow BioRID to assume a much more natural seating posture,
and to demonstrate the neck movement and configuration seen in rear-end
collisions.
THOR offers sophisticated instrumentation for assessing frontal-impacts.CRABI
is a child dummy used to evaluate the effectiveness of child restraint
devices including seat belts and air bags. There are three models of the
CRABI, representing 18-month, 12-month, and 6-month old children.
THOR is an advanced 50th percentile male dummy. The successor of Hybrid
III, THOR has a more humanlike spine and pelvis, and its face contains a
number of sensors which allow analysis of facial impacts to an accuracy
currently unobtainable with other dummies. THOR's range of sensors is
also greater in quantity and sensitivity than those of Hybrid III.
One important sector of the traveling public has yet to be represented
in mainstream crash testing — pregnant women. The first prototype
pregnant crash test dummy has been built by engineering researchers at
Loughborough University UK with the aim of improving seat belt design.
It has a fluid filled container above the pelvis to replicate the foetus
and womb. Belts can be uncomfortable for pregnant women so some choose
not to wear them, reducing their safety at a time when it should be
increased. A second pregnant crash test dummy has been designed by a
student at the University of Idaho